More information

 Some interesting sites

www.esperanto.net
www.esperanto-panorama.net
www.uea.org                                     

 Bibliography :

“Esperanto: Language, Literature & Community” by Pierre Janton & Humphrey Tonkin
“Esperanto, Interlinguistics & Planned Language” by Humphrey Tonkin
“Esperanto: A Language for the Global Village” by Sylvan Zaft

 Contact with the Associations :

• Australian Esperanto Association
	81 Lalla Road, Lilydale TAS 7268 - Australia
	abcetc@ozemail.com.au
	http://www.esperanto.org.au/
• Esperanto League for North America
	P. O. Box 1129, El Cerrito CA 94530 - USA
	elna@esperanto-usa.org
	http://www.esperanto-usa.org/
• Esperanto Association of Britain
	Esperanto House, Station Road,
	Barlaston Staffordshire, ST12 9DE - England
	eab@esperanto-gb.org
	http://www.esperanto-gb.org/

Local contact: 

How to use this Packet

This packet consist of the followin parts:
•	The pack: The document in your hands, and which presents the language and how to use the packet
•	The gram’: the basics of the whole grammar of Esperanto on a single A4 sheet 
•	The exer’: Some exercises (worked out further down) for training and to srart practicing the language a little
•	The words: a short two-way vocabulary, containing only a few words to start with. You can find complete dictionaries at your local Esperanto Association, or on the internet!

On The gram’ and The exer’, Every number in the margin indicates a lesson. Every time you start with reading the lesson of the day on The gram’ sheet. And then, you can work out the exercise on that lesson in The exer’ sheet, possibly with the help of the vocabulary  The words, if you wish. 
If you dedicate about a quarter of an hour daily, you can, after a week understand a simple text  as well as construct some phrases yourself.  This is not a full course, but more precisely an introduction. That will give you a general idea of the language (later, you can follow it up with a full course, or just start practising the language, by for example chatting on the internet on : http://gxangalo.com/babilejo).

Discover a language 
in a week …

Esperanto, what’s this?

Esperanto is a language. But a somewhat special one. It came into being at the end of the 19th century, in order to create communication between persons of different languages. And as it was built for this purpose, it is therefore very easy to learn.

In fact, Esperanto is the easiest of all living languages; not a single exception, no irregular verbs, and you can still express yourself on anything!  Since it is biult most logically, you can learn it in a very short time and quickly be able to use phrases in Esperanto.

Thus. You will have more time to do other things ! Not only that, but with this advantage in your pocket, it has been proved that learning Esperanto actually helps with the learning of other foreign languages. So, there are only advantages!  

So much so, since this language belongs to no particular country, and anybody can learn it, one can therefore speak it  always on an equal level ; it is so sympthetic !

What is it for?

Esperanto is recognised by the 
UNESCO; today spoken in more 
than 100 countries of about 
6 million people.
So it can be used in a number 
of ways ;  as for instance :

•	Discuss and correspond with persons of different countries  at the same time, without being hampered by the language barrier.

•	Discover other cultures and be informed globally on, among other things, reviews and books translated from many other languages.

•	Travel on the cheap thanks to a little booklet called  "Pasporta Servo",  for free accomodation for those who speak Esperanto.

•	Participate in international gatherings and festivals,  with   music and spectacle in Esperanto and other languages.

•	And many more uses...

How do you learn it?

With this « Esperanto Pack»
This short document teaches you in a few days the basics of Esperanto and you will thus quickly understand and express yourself a little in Esperanto (see  chapter «How to use this Packet »).

Using internet
•	www.ikurso.net : free downloadable program,  with many sounds and interactive exercises.
•	www.lernu.net : an internet platform containing many courses at different levels, and a messenger to chat on line with other students.

Using books (and cassettes or videos)
•	“Teach Yourself Esperanto”, by John Cresswell & John Hartley, published by the Ntc Pub Group.
•	“Esperanto - Learning and Using the International Language”, by David Richardson, published by the Esperanto League of North America.
•	“Mazi in Gondlando ”, adapted from de video-course of the BBC.

Through a course with an instructer.
It is very likely that close to your home or work there is an Esperanto course available. To find out, contact your local Esperanto Association – see the addresses on the back of this brochure!

Or  by correspondence and many other ways...

Ever seen the grammar of any language on one single sheet of paper?

THE ALFABET AND ITS PRONUNCIATION
Every letter must be sounded and all is written exactly as heard (phonetically) – always ; so much so that you cannot make a mistake in orthography ! But in Esperanto, the letters Q, W, X and Y are not used  Instead, there are six letters with an accent on them (a chinese hat – except for the U which has the lower part of another u instead)  These special letters have a different sound from the usual. The vowels have each a single, pure, unchangeable sound not at all like English.
A,(ah) ; B, C,(ts), Ĉ(ch) ; D, E,(Eh) ; F, G, Ĝ(J) ; H ; Ĥ(kh) ; I,(ee) ; J,(y) ; Ĵ(french je) ; K, L, M, N, O,(au); P, R, S, Ŝ(sh) ; T, U,(00) Ŭ(w) ; V, Z.
In Esperanto, the accent or stress on every word always falls on the syllable before last, without exception.  Esperanto, naskigdato, dormĉambro.

THE WORD ENDINGS 
No exceptions in Esperanto !
Every noun ends in  	      -o	vort+o	= word
Every adgective  ends in -a		bel+a	= beautiful
Every adverb ends in       -e		fort+e	= strongly
Every infinitive ends in     -i		parol+i	= to speak
Every  plural ends in         -j		vort+o+j	= words
As in English, there is only one definite article « the » for both singular and plural and for masculine and feminine., which is  la.   Eg.: la vorto = the word, la vortoj = the words. There is no indefinite articlet.  Eg.  vorto = word, vortoj = words.

PERSONAL  PRONOUNS 
mi (I), vi (you), li (he), ŝi (she), ĝi (it), oni (one,they), ni (we), vi (you), ili (they), si (self, reflecsive).
For the pssessive you add  –a to the pronoun:  mia, via, lia... = mine, yours, his … etc.. 

CONJUGATION
Same ending for each person in every tense.              
No  irregular  verbs  whatsoever !.
Mi   parol+as	= present		= I speak	
Vi    parol +is	= past		= you spoke 
li/ŝi parol+os	= future		= he/she will speak 
ni    parol+us	= conditional	=we would speak 
vi    parol   +u	= imperative	= speak 
       parol   +i	= infinitive		= to speak 
	paroli, mi parolas = to speak,  I  speak 
	vi parolas  =  you(s) speak , you(p) speak 
  	li parolus, ŝi parolus =he/she would speak
	ni parolis,ili parolis = we spoke, they spoke 
	oni parolos = people will talk,   (vi) parolu! = speak !

THE  PARTICIPLES 
			present	past	          future
indicative		+as		+is		+os
active       		+ant-a	+int-a	+ont-a
passive 		+at-a		+it-a		+ot-a

 active participles :
	mi estas kantinta	= I was singing
	mi estas kantanta	= I am singing 
	mi estas kantonta	= I shall be singing 
	vi estis skribinta	= you were writing 
	vi estis skribanta	= you had been writing
	vi estis skribonta	= you were going to write
	ŝi estos foririnta	= she will have left
	ŝi estos foriranta	= she will be leaving
	ŝi estos forironta	= she will be on the point of leav..

passive participles :
	la akvo estas trinkita	= the water drank 
	la akvo estas trinkata	= the water is being drank
	la akvo estas trinkota	= the water is to be drank 
	la pano estis manĝita	= the bread was eaten
	la pano estis manĝata   = the bread was being eaten
	la pano estis manĝota	= the bread was to be eaten
	la foto estos vidita	   = the photo will have been seen
	la foto estos vidata		= the photo will be seen
	la foto estos vidota= the photo will be on the point of 

THE ACCUSATIVE
For the accusative the lettrer  -n is added to the noun and its adjective, or the personal pronoun. The  accusative -n after the adverb or place is used to show movement from place to place; It can also be used instead of a preposition.
mi trinkas akvon (akv+o+n)  = I drink water

mi amas vin (vi+n)	            = I love you 
mi iras Parizon (Pariz+o+n)  = I go to Paris
mi venos lundon(lund+o+n)=I shall come on Monday

INTERROGATIVE (?)
For the interrogative, you start the phrase with  -ĉu.. ?  
	ĉu li manĝas? 		= Is he eating?      
		- jes, li manĝas	= yes, he is eating
		- ne, li trinkas 	= no, he is drinking

NEGATIVE
For the negative you add the word ne just infront of the appropriate word.
	mi ne kantas = I am not singing	
	ne mi kantas = It is not me who is singing

THE  CORRELATIVES
	i-
indefinite	ki-
relative question	Ti-
demonstra-tive	Ĉi
Collec-tive	neni-
negative	
+u
one	iu 
some
one	kiu 
who ?	tiu 
that one	ciu 
every
one	neniu 
no one	
+o 
thing	io 
some thing	kio 
what ?	tio 
that thing	cio 
every
thing	nenio 
nothing	
+a 
quality	ia 
some kind 	kia 
what kind ?	tia 
that kind	cia 
every kind	nenia 
no kind of…	
+e 
place	ie 
some where	kie 
where ?	tie 
there	cie 
every
where	nenie 
nowhere	
+am 
time	iam 
some time	kiam 
when ?	tiam 
then	ciam 
always	neniam 
never	
+el 
how	iel 
some- how	kiel 
how ?	tiel 
thus	ciel 
any
how	neniel 
no way 	
+al 
reason	ial 
for some reason	kial 
why ?	tial 
be-
cause	cial 
for
every
reason	nenial 
for no
reason	
+om 
quantity	iom 
few	kiom 
how
many ?	tiom 
that
many	ciom 
all	neniom
none	
+es 
whose	ies 
some one’s 	kies 
whose?	ties 
his/hers	cies 
every-body’s	nenies 
no-
body’s	

THE  NUMBERS
Cardinal:
unu (1), du (2), tri (3), kvar (4), kvin (5), ses (6), sep (7), ok (8), naŭ (9), dek (10), cent (100), mil (1000), miliono (million), miliardo (milliard)
	dek du (ten two) = 12, dudek unu (twenty one) = 21
	mil naŭcent naŭdek sep  = 1997

consecutive : = number  +a
	(la) unua, dua... = first, second... 
adverbs 	      = number  +e
	unue, due... = firstly, secondly...
substantive     = number  +o
	deko, dekduo, cento = ten, twelve, hundred
multiple           = number+obl+a
	duobla, triobla... = double, treble...
fraction = number+on+o
	duono, triono, kvarono... = half, third, quarter...
gruppi = numru +op+o
	duopo, triopo, kvaropo... = pair, trio, quartet...

SUFFIXES
Letters between the root and the ending of the word :
Animate beings:
	+ ul (individual):	juna    = young, 
					junulo = young person
	+ an (member):	urbo = city, urbano = cityzen
	+ ist (profession):	pano = bread, panisto = baker
	+ in (feminine):	patro = father, patrino = mother
	+ id (offspring):	koko = cock, kokido = chicken
	+ estr (head):		urbo = city, urbestro = mayor
Inanimate things:
	+ aĵ (thing):		trinki = to drink, trinkaĵo =  drink
	+ il (tool):		tranĉi = cut, tranĉilo = knife
	+ ar (group):		arbo = tree, arbaro = wood
	+ er (particle):		neĝo = snow, neĝero = flake 
	+ ej (place):		pano = bread, panejo = bakery
	+ uj (receptacle):	supo = soup,supujo=suoptureen
	+ ing ( holder):		kandelo = candle, 
					kandelingo = candle holder
Abstract  nouns:	
	+ ec (quality):		bela = beautiful, beleco = beauty
	+ ism (system):	nacio = nation, 
					naciismo = nationalizm

Qualitatives:
	+ ebl (able):mangi = to drink, mangebla = drinkable
	+ em :	    kredi = to believe, kredema = credible
   + ind : 	    ridi   = to laugh, ridinda =    laughable
	+ end (due):	pagi  = to pay, pagenda = due
Verbs:
	+ ig :       	sidi  = to sit dawn, sidigi = to make someone sit down 
	+ iĝ : (reflexive):	sidiĝi = to sit down yourself

Universal suffixes:
	+ et (small):  		domo = house, dometo =cottage 
	+ eg (big):		domego = mansion
	+ aĉ (pejorative):	domaĉo = hut
	+ ad (continuous):	paroli = speak, 
					parolado = (long)talk
	+ um (general):	akvo = water, akvumi = to water

PREFIXES
Letters infront of the root word:
	bo+ (parental): 	bopatro = father in law
   ge+ (both masculine &  feminine): gepatroj = parents      
	eks+ (former):	         eksministro = ex-minister
	pra+ (ancestor):	avo = grandfather, 
		praavo = great grandfather
	fi+ (pejorative):	knabo = boy, fiknabo = bad boy
	dis+ (distributive):	doni = to give, disdoni=distribute
	mal+ (opposite):	bela = beautiful, malbela = ugly
	mis+ (do badly):	fari = to do, misfari = to botch
	ek+ (suddenly):	ridi = laugh, ekridi = burst in
	re+ (again):		fari = to do, refari = redo

WORD BUILDING 
Esperanto is like a LEGO game; all you need to form a word is to join prefixes and suffixes as well as an ending to the root word. You can even join rootr together to form new words.
	vapor+ŝip+o (steam+ship) 	
	okul+vitr+o+j (eye+glases)	
	sam+temp+e (same+time) 		

COMPARATIVES

Less :		malpli... ol = less than
More :		pli...ol = more than
			pli granda ol mi = bigger than me
equal :	tiel... kiel = same … as …
		tiel stulta kiel li = as stupid as him
superlattiv:	la plej = the most, la malplej = the least
CONJUNCTIONS :
subordinating: ĉar = for, because, since,  kvankam = although, ke = that,  kvazaŭ = almost, se = if
 coordinating: sed = but, aŭ = or, kaj = and, do = so, therefore, nu = now then, nek = neither

UNCHANGEABLE ADVERBS
hieraŭ = yesterday	preskaŭ = nearly	
hodiaŭ = today	apenaŭ = hardly
morgaŭ = tomorrow	nur = only
nun = now	almenaŭ = at least
ĵus = just now	ankaŭ = also
tuj = right away	eĉ = even
baldaŭ = soon	tre = very
jam = already		tro = too much
ankoraŭ = yet, still		for = far away

FIXED PREPOSITIONS   
apud = near 	por = for   		post = after, behind
ĉe = at	ĉirkaŭ = around 	ekster = outside
de = of	dum = during 		ekde = since(time)
el = from    	en = in, 			ĝis=till,until
inter = inside kontraŭ = against	krom = besides  
kun = with 	sen = without 		tra=through       
pri = about 	por = for  		sub = under
sur = on	super=above 		trans = across
laŭ= along, according to 	malgraŭ = in spite of
per = by means of 			anstataŭ = instead  
antaŭ = before, infront		malantaŭ = wara 
al = to, towards

DIALOG
saluton! = Hello ! 		ĝis revido! = Good bye !
bonan tagon! = good day !	
bonan nokton! = good night!    
mi nomiĝas... = my name is …	
kiel vi fartas? = how do you do? 
bone, dankon = well, thank you !   
ju pli... des pli... = the more… the…
nek... nek... = neither… nor… 
ĉu... ĉu... = whether… or...
 
Ĉu vi komprenis ĉion? if yes, this means that you now know all the basics of Esperanto, and that you can now begin to practise a little! 

Some exercises to practice what you have learnt …

(The solution is found later on)

 Add on the ending letter/s:

Eg: the beautiful flowers = la bel-AJ flor-OJ  

a) the white horse = la blank-.... ceval-....
b) blue balloons  =   blu-.... balon-....
c) to speak rapidly = rapid-.... parol-....
d) dogs and cats = hund-.... kaj kat-....
e) at length   =   long-....
f)  the big birds = la grand-.... bird-.... 
g) A good cake = bon-.... kuk-....
h) toeat well = bon-.... mang-....
i)  a red and green wall  = rug-.... kaj verd-.... mur-....
j)  good   =   la bon-....
k) to laugh and cry  =   rid-.... kaj plor-....
l)  really happy  =  ver-.... felic-....

Translate into English:

Eg: Ili lernas. > they learn

a) La domo estas granda.
b) Ni rapide skribas.
c) La birdo estas blanka, ĝi flugas.
d) Mi estas juna viro.
e) Li atendu kaj aŭskultu!
f) Ŝi iros, manĝos kaj dormos.
g) Rigardu : pluvas forte! 
h) Ili estis vivaj.
i) Nia granda ĉevalo multe manĝas.
j) Mi volus kanti.
k) La blua akvo estas pura. 
l) Li estos bona patro.

Finish the word:

Eg: I shall have learnt = mi est-OS lern-INTA

a) he had caught the fish = li est-.... kapt-..... la fison
b) he is going to buy = li est-.... acet-.....
c) it is being built = gi est-.... konstru-.....
d) the mouse will have been eaten = la muso est-.... mang-.....
e) we were going to drink = ni est-.... trink-.....
f) my arm is boken = mia brako est-.... romp-.....
g) the photo had been hidden  = la foto est-.... kas-.....
h) the dentist has been working=la dentisto est-....labor-.
i) you were running  = vi est-.... kur-.....
k) the cake is going to be eaten = la kuko est-.... mang-

Translate into Esperanto :

Eg: He hides the photo. > Li kaŝas la foton.

a) The fire is hot =
b) She writes a word =.
c) They were eating vegetables
d) He will help me
e) Did you see my brother?
f)  the birds fly quckly
g) Do you want to drink?
h) I do not sleep, I am tired
i)  Was not the film good?
j)  I am not reading the paper.
k) Can you work? No, I can’t
l) We often use the telephone.

 Translate into Esperanto :

Eg: Who are you? > Kiu vi estas ?

a) Why do you prefer fish?
b) Someone has found some paper
c) The book is hidden there 
d) We are always clean
e) He listens to music, like me.
f)  My father eats nothing
g) They repeat every word 
h) Such is our hope 
i)  How many flowers do you see ? 
j) When I shall understand the language, I shall speak
k) What is a house?
l) Whose is that car?

Write the numbers and dates in words:

N.B.  In Esperanto dates are written thus: « The[number of the day] 6 -a de [month] marto,  [year] 2004»
[days of the week]: lundo, mardo, merkredo, ĵaŭdo, vendredo, sabato, dimanĉo.
[months]:  januaro, februaro, marto, aprilo, majo, junio (jun’i’yo not  junyo – stress on the –i-), julio,(same) aŭgusto, septembro, oktobro, novembro, decembro.

Eg: 15/12/1859 > la dek-kvina de decembro 
mil okcent kvindek naŭ

a) 73
b) 101
c) 20 th 
d) 655
e) 14/07/1789
f) 9 999
g) ¼ 
h) Wed, 27th Feb.
i) 2,046
j) 18,442
k) 75,793
l) 2,088,405

Translate into English:

La 5-an de majo, mia fratino iris al la malsanulejo. Ŝi ne estis malsana : ŝi nur iĝis patrino. 
Ŝia ido estas knabeto. Li eble iam iĝos fiŝkaptisto aŭ ŝipestro, kial ne?
Mia fratinido multe ŝatas manĝi kaj li ofte dormas. Kiam li aŭskultas rakontojn, tio tuj dormigas lin. En mia rakont-libro, estas kelkaj poemoj, kiujn mi ŝatas legi al li.
Dum la matenmanĝo, li kelkfoje ludas anstataŭ manĝi. Li tiam uzas la manĝilojn, kiel ludilojn. Tio multe ridigas nin : li estas tiom ludema!

Translate into Esperanto:

Hello !
My name is Mary. I live in Paris ; a very big city.
I have no car, but I do not go to work by bus. I prefer to walk because my home is near the place of work. I am a translator, so I speak many languages. I like to travel very much, and during my travels, I often speak Esperanto with my friends. To travel I go by train. I also like to listen to music or go to the theatre. The theatre is the most interesting art…according to me.
Good bye!

Answers :

Note that there is always more than one way to say the same thing - especially in Esperanto! Some alternative answers can be seen in brackets.

1.  
a) the white horse = la blank-a ceval-o
b) blue balloons = blu-aj balon-oj
c) to speak rapidly = rapid-e parol-i
d) dogs and cats = hund-oj kaj kat-oj
e) at length = long-e
f)  the big birds = la grand-aj bird-oj 
g) a good cake = bon-a kuk-o
h) to eat well = bon-e mang-i
i)  a red and green wall = rug-a kaj verd-a mur-o
j)  the good = la bon-o
k) to laugh and cry = rid-i kaj plor-i
l)  really happy = ver-e felic-a

2.
a) The house is big.   
b) We write rapidly.
c) the bird is white, it flies.
d) I am a youg man.
e) Let him wait and listen! 
f)  She will go, eat and sleep.
g) Look ! It is raining hard! 
h) They were alive.
i)  Our big horse eats a lot.  
j)  I would like to sing. 
k) The blue water is clean.    
l)  He will be a good father. 
 
3.
a) he had caught the fish  = li est-is kapt-inta la fison
b) he is going to buy = li est-as acet-onta
c) it is being built = gi est-as konstru-ata
d) the mouse will have been eaten = la muso est-os    mang-ita
e) we were going to drink = ni est-is trink-ontaj
f)  my arm is broken = mia brako est-as romp-ita
g) the photo was hidden = la foto est-is kas-ita
h) the dentist has been working = la dentisto est-as labor-inta
i)  you were running = vi est-is kur-anta(j)
k) the cake is going to be eaten = la kuko est-as mang-ota
l)  your children will have played = viaj infanoj est-os lud-intaj

4.
a) La fajro estas varma.
b) Ŝi skribas vorton.
c) Ili manĝis [estas manĝintaj] la legomojn.
d) Li helpos min.
e) Ĉu vi vidis mian fraton?
f) (La) Birdoj rapide flugas.
g) Ĉu vi deziras [volas] trinki?
h) Mi ne dormas, mi lacas [estas laca].
i) Ĉu la filmo ne estis bona ?
j) Mi ne estas leganta la gazeton.
k) Ĉu vi povas labori? Ne, mi ne povas.
l) Ni ofte uzas la telefonon.

5.
a) Kial vi preferas (la) fiŝon?
b) Iu trovis [estas trovinta] paperon.
c) La libro estas kaŝita tie.
d) Ni ĉiam estas puraj.
e) Li aŭskultas muzikon, kiel mi.
f) Mia patro manĝas nenion.
g) Ili ripetas ĉiun vorton.
h) Tia estas nia espero!
i) Kiom da floroj vi vidas?
j) Kiam mi komprenos la lingvon, mi parolos.
k) Kio estas domo?
l) Kies estas tiu aŭto?

6.
a) 73 = sepdek tri
b) 101 = cent unu
c) 20th  = dudeka
d) 655 = sescent kvindek kvin
e) 14/07/1789 = la dekkvara de julio 
                           mil sepcent okdek nau
f) 9999 = naumil naucent naudek nau
g) ¼ = unu kvarono 
h) Wed. 27th Feb. = merkredo la dudek sepa 
                                 de februaro 
i) 2 046 = dumil kvardek ses
j) 18 442 = dek okmil kvarcent kvardek du
k) 75 793 = sepdek kvinmil sepcent naudek tri
l) 2 088 405 = du milionoj okdek okmil kvarcent kvin

7.
On the 5th of May, my sister went to hospital. She was not unwell ; she just became a mother.  Her baby is a tiny boy.  May be one day he will become a fisherman or a captain, why not?My nephew[the son of my sister], likes to eat a lot and sleeps often.
When he hears a story, that, immediately makes him sleep.  In my history book there are some poems which I like reading to him.  During breakfast, sometimes instead of eating he plays.  He then uses utensils instead of toys. This makes us laugh a lot; he is so playful !

8.
Saluton!
Mi nomiĝas [mi estas  / mia nomo estas] Maria. Mi vivas en Paris [Parizo]; (ĝi) estas tre [ege] granda urbo. Mi ne havas aŭton, sed mi ne iras al la laboro aŭtobuse [per aŭtobuso]. Mi preferas iri piede ĉar mia domo estas apud [proksime de] mia laborejo. 
Mi estas tradukistino [tradukisto], mi do parolas plurajn lingvojn. Mi multe ŝatas vojaĝi, kaj dum miaj vojaĝoj, mi ofte parolas Esperante [en Esperanto] kun miaj amikoj. Por vojaĝi, mi iras per vagonaro [per trajno].
Mi ŝatas ankaŭ aŭskulti muzikon aŭ iri teatron [al teatro]. (La) Teatro est la plej interesa arto... laŭ mi :-) 
Ĝis revido! 

A two-way short vocabulary

Espéranto   English

aer-o	Air	direkt-i	Direct	
ag-i	Do	divers-a	Different	
akcept-i	Accept	dolĉ-a	Sweet	
akv-o	Water	dom-o	House	
al	To	don-i	Give	
ali-a	Other	dorm-i	Sleep	
alt-a	High	dum	During	
am-o	Love	edz-o	   Husband 	
amik-o	Friend	ekster	Outside	
ankoraŭ	Yet,still	ekzempl-o	Example	
anstataŭ	Instead	elekt-i	Choose	
antaŭ	  before	en	In	
apart-a	Apart	esper-i	Hope	
aper-i	Appear	est-i	Be	
apud	Near	facil-a	Easy	
art-o	Art	fajr-o	Fire	
artikol-o	Article	fakt-o	Fact	
asoci-o	Association	fal-i	Fall	
atend-i	Wait	far-i	Do,make	
aŭ	Or	fenestr-o	Window	
aŭd-i	Hear	fest-o	Feast	
aŭskult-i	listen	film-o	Film	
aŭtobus-o	Bus	fin-i	Finish	
aŭt(mobil)-	Car	fiŝ-o	Fish	
aŭtun-o	Autumn	flank-o	Side	
baldaŭ	Soon	flav-a	Yellow	
best-o	animal	flor-o	Flower	
bezon-o	Need	flug-i	To fly	
bild-o	Picture	foj-o	Once	
bird-o	Bird	forges-i	Forget	
bon-o	Good	fort-a	Strong	
bril-i	Shine	frap-i	Hit	
cel-o	Aim	frat-o	Brother	
cert-a	Certain	fru-e	Early	
ĉef-a	Main	frukt-o	Fruit	
ĉu ?	(question)?	funkci-i	    To function	
da	(quantity)	gazet-o	newspaper	
decid-i	decide	glas-o	Glass	
dekstr-a	Right	grand-a	Grand, big	
demand-o	Question	grav-a	Important	
dezir-i	Desire	grup-o	group	
ĝeneral-a	General	land-o	Country	
ĝis	Until	last-a	Last	
ĝust-a	Correct	leg-i	Read	
halt-i	Stop	legom-o	Vegetable	
hav-i	Have	lern-i	Learn	
hejm-o	Home	libr-o	Book	
help-o	Help	lig-i	Read	
histori-o	Hi/story	lign-o	Wood	
hor-o	Hour,time	lingv-o	Language	
ide-o	Idea	lud-i	Play	
inform-i	Inform	man-o	Hand	
instru-i	Teach	manĝ-i	Eat	
interes-i	Interest	mank-o	Want of	
ir-i	Go	mar-o	Sea	
jar-o	Year	maten-o	  morning	
jes	Yes	memor-o	Remem-brance	
jun-a	Young	met-i	To place	
ĵet-i	Throw	metod-o	Method	
kaj	And	mez-o	Middle	
kamp-o	Field	mir-o	Wonder	
kant-i	Sing	mon-o	Money	
kap-o	Head	mult-a	Many	
kapt-i	Catch	naci-a	National	
kar-a	Dear	natur-o	Nature	
kaŝ-i	Hide	ne	No	
kaŭz-o	Cause	neces-a	Necessary	
kelk-a	Some	nom-o	Noun	
klas-o	Class	nov-a	New	
knab-o	Boy	nur	Only	
kolekt-i	Collect	oft-e	Pften	
kolor-o	Colour	okaz-o	Occasion	
komerc-o	Business	ol	Than	
kompren-i	Under-stand	opini-o	Opinion	
komun-a	Common	ordinar-a	Ordinary	
kon-i	Know 	organiz-i	Organise	
kongres-o	congress	pac-o	Peace	
konsent-i	 Consent	paĝ-o	Page	
konsil-o	Counsel	pan-o	Bread	
kontraŭ	Against	paper-o	Paper	
kost-i	Cost	pardon-i	Forgive	
kresk-i	Grow	part-o	Part	
krom	Besides	patr-o	Father	
kuir-i	Cook	pec-o	Piece	
kultur-o	Culture	pens-o	Thought	
Kun	With	perd-i	lose	
kuŝ-a	Reclining	pet-i	Ask	
la	The	pied-o	Foot	
labor-o	Work	plen-a	Full	
lac-a	Tired	pli (...ol)	More.. than	
(ne...) plu	no...) more	sub	Under	
plur-aj	Diverse	sufiĉ-a	Enough	
poem-o	Poem	sukces-o	success	
popol-o	People	sun-o	Sun	
post	After	super	Above	
poŝt-a	Postal	sur	On	
pov-i	able, can	ŝajn-i	To seem 	
precip-e	principally	ŝanĝ-i	To change	
prefer-i	To prefer	ŝat-i	  To like	
pret-i	 be ready	ŝip-o	Ship	
pri	About	ŝtat-o	State 	
produkt-o	Product	tabl-o	Table	
proksim-e	Near	tag-o	Day	
propr-a	Personal	tamen	however	
prov-i	To try	teatr-o	Theatre	
publik-a	Public	telefon-o	Telephone	
pur-a	Clean	ten-i	keep,hold	
rakont-i	Recount	ter-o	Land,earth	
rapid-a	Fast,quick	tim-o	Fear	
redakt-i	Edit	tra	Through	
regul-o	Rule	traduk-i	Translate	
rekomend-i	Recommend	tranĉ-i	To cut	
rimark-i	remark	trink-i	To drink	
ripet-i	Repeat	trov-i	To find	
river-o	River	tuj	At once	
rond-a	Round	tuk-o	Cloth	
romp-i	To break	turn-i	To turn	
salon-o	Hall	tuŝ-i	To touch	
sam-a	same	universal-a	Universal	
san-a	Healthy	urb-o	City	
sci-i	To know	uz-i	To use	
seĝ-o	Chair	vagon-o	wagon	
sen	Without	varm-a	Warm	
send-i	Send	vend-i	Sell	
serĉ-i	Search	ver-a	True	
serv-o	Service	vesper-o	Evening	
sid-a	sitting	vest-o	Dress	
signif-i	Signify	viand-o	Meat	
sinjor-o	Mr.	vid-i	See	
situaci-o	situation	vir-o	Man	
skatol-o	Box	vitr-o	Glass	
skrib-i	Write	viv-o	Life	
sol-a	Only,lone	vizit-i	To visit	
son-o	Sound	voj-o	Road,way	
special-a	special	Vojaĝ-i	To travel	
spert-o	Experience	vok-i	To call	
star-i	To stand	vol-i	To want	
strat-o	Street	vort-o	Word	
stud-i	To study	zorg-o	care	

English   Espéranto

To	Al	However	tamen	
Through                                        	Tra	Certain	cert-a	
Near	apud	Field	kamp-o	
Accept	akcept-i	to change	ŝanĝ-i	
Do	ag-i	Sing	kant-i	
help	help-o	Warm	varm-a	
Air	aer-o	Dear	kar-a	
To go	ir-i	To lookfor	serĉ-i	
Friend	amik-o	choose	elekt-i	
Love	am-o	Heaven	ĉiel-o	
animal	best-o	class	klas-o	
Year	jar-o	Commerc	komerc-o	
To appear	aper-i	common	komun-a	
To call	vok-i	understand	kompren-i	
To like	ŝat-i	congress	kongres-o	
Learn	lern-i	To know	kon-i	
After,behin	post	Advice	konsil-o	
Tree	arb-o	accept 	konsent-i	
money	mon-o	Against	kontraŭ	
To stop	halt-i	Body	korp-o	
Art	art-o	Side	flank-o	
Article	artikol-o	Reclining	kuŝ-a	
Sitting	sid-a	colour	kolor-o	
association	asoci-o	To cut	tranĉ-i	
To wait	atend-i	To cost	kost-i	
To catch	kapt-i	To grow	kresk-i	
Above	super	To cook	kuir-i	
Instead      	anstataŭ	culture	kultur-o	
about	pri	In	En	
bus	aŭtobus-o	(quantity)	da (kvanto)	
Autumn	aŭtun-o	Standing	star-a	
Other	ali-a	To decide	decid-i	
before	antaŭ	Ask, beg	pet-i	
With	kun	Last	last-a	
To have	hav-i	To desire	dezir-i	
Ship	ŝip-o	To direct	direkt-i	
Need	bezon-o	Diverse	divers-a	
Soon	baldaŭ	Of	don-i	
To drink	trink-i	To sleep	dorm-i	
wood	lign-o	sweet	dolĉ-a	
box	skatol-o	Right(side)	dekstr-a	
Good	bon-a	Water	akv-o	
To shine	bril-i	Listen	aŭskult-i	
Aim	cel-o	To write	skrib-i	
To hide	kaŝ-I	Outside	Ekster	
To break	romp-i	Again	Ankoraŭ	
Cause	kaŭz-o	To hear	aŭd-i	
Send	send-i	Young	jun-a	
Husband	edz-o	To play	lud-i	
To hope	esper-i	Day	tag-o	
To try	prov-i	n…paper	gazet-o	
(question)?	ĉu ?	Until	ĝis	
And	kaj	Correct(a)	ĝust-a	
State	ŝtat-o	Language	lingv-o	
Wonder	mir-o	The	la	
To be	est-i	vegetable	legom-o	
To study	stud-i	To join	lig-i	
Example	ekzempl-o	To read	leg-i	
Experience	spert-o	Book	libr-o	
Easy	facil-a	Hand	man-o	
Do	far-i	House	dom-o	
fact	fakt-o	Eat	manĝ-i	
Tired	lac-a	Want(n)	mank-o	
Window	fenestr-o	Morning	maten-o	
To close	ferm-i	Memory	memor-o	
feast	fest-o	Sea	mar-o	
Fire	fajr-o	Method	metod-o	
Sheet,leaf	foli-o	To put	met-i	
Film	film-o	half	mez-o	
To finish	fin-i	Mr.	sinjor-o	
flower	flor-o	Piece	pec-o	
Once	foj-o	Word	vort-o	
To function	funkci-i	Music	muzik-o	
Strong	fort-a	national	naci-a	
Crazy	frenez-a	Nature	natur-o	
Home	hejm-o	No	ne	
To hit	frap-i	Necessary	neces-a	
Brother	frat-o	Noun	nom-o	
fruit	frukt-o	Plenty	mult-a	
Boy	knab-o	Different        	divers-a	
General(a)	ĝeneral-a	New	nov-a	
Big, great	grand-a	Occasion	okaz-o	
group	grup-o	bird	bird-o	
High	alt-a	Opinion	opini-o	
Hour	hor-o	Ordinary	ordinar-a	
history	histori-o	organise	organiz-i	
Man	vir-o	Or	aŭ	
Idea	ide-o	Forget	forges-i	
same	sam-a	yes	jes	
picture	bild-o	page	paĝ-o	
Important	grav-a	Bread	pan-o	
Inform	Inform-i	Peace	pac-o	
Teach	instru-i	paper	paper-o	
To interess	interes-i	Forgive	pardon-i	
Yellow	flav-a	Speak	parol-i	
To throw	ĵet-i	apart	apart-a	
Part	part-o	To signify	signif-i	
Country	land-o	situation	situaci-o	
During	dum	Evening	vesper-o	
Though	pens-o	Sun	sun-o	
To lose	perd-i	Sound	son-o	
Father	patr-o	Care	zorg-o	
Personal	propr-a	Under	sub	
People	popol-o	often	oft-e	
Fear	tim-o	Special	special-a	
Foot	pied-o	success	sukces-o	
Full	plen-a	Enough	sufiĉ-a	
more(…than)	pli (...ol)	On	sur	
(no...) more	(ne...) plu	Principally	precip-e	
Many	plur-aj	Table	tabl-o	
Poem	poem-o	Telephone	telefon-o	
Fish	fiŝ-o	Time	temp-o	
Postal	poŝt-a	To hold	ten-i	
Be able to	pov-i	Land	ter-o	
Prefer	prefer-i	Head	kap-o	
Ready	pret-a	Theatre	teatr-o	
Principal	ĉef-a	cloth	tuk-o	
Product	produkt-o	To fall	fal-i	
Near	proksim-a	Early	fru-e	
Public	publik-o	To touch	tuŝ-i	
clean	pur-a	To turn	turn-i	
Than	ke / ol / kion	At once	tuj	
Few	kelk-aj	Totranslate	traduk-i	
Demand	demand-o	Work	labor-o	
To recount	rakont-i	Hole	tru-o	
Fast	rapid-a	To find	trov-i	
Collect	kolekt-i	Only	nur	
recommend	rekomend-i	Universal	universal-a	
To edit	redakt-i	To use	uz-i	
Rule	regul-o	To sell	vend-i	
To remark	rimark-i	Tumbler	glas-o	
To repeat	ripet-i	To	al	
River	river-o	Dress	vest-o	
round	rond-a	Meat	viand-o	
Road, way	voj-o	Life	viv-o	
Street	strat-o	Cityt	urb-o	
Healthy	san-a	To visit	vizit-i	
hall	salon-o	Glass	vitr-o	
Without	sen	To see	vid-i	
Besides	krom	car	aŭt(omobil)-o	
To know	sci-i	To fly	flug-i	
Seem	ŝajn-i	To want	vol-i	
Service	serv-o	To travel	vojaĝ-i	
Alone	sol-a	True	ver-a	
chair	seĝ-o	wagon	vagon-o